提交规范
分支命名规约
| 前缀 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| **-test | 测试分支，验证后可直接发布的版本 |
| **-beta | 用于发布 beta 版本分支 |
| **-release | 用于发布正式稳定版分支 |
| develop | 开发主分支，最新的代码分支 |
| feature-** | 功能开发分支 |
| bugfix-** | 未发布 bug 修复分支 |
| hotfix-** | 已发布 bug 修复分支 |
核心原则： 1、版本发布是一个递进的过程 2、每个发布的特性或 bug 修需要进行测试再进行发布 3、小版本仅仅修复 bug 或仅改版本号进行透明升级的特性
提交命名规约
格式为：[操作类型]操作对象名称，如[ADD]readme，代表增加了 readme 描述文件。
常见的操作类型有：
- [IMP] 提升改善正在开发或者已经实现的功能
- [FIX] 修正 BUG
- [REF] 重构一个功能，对功能重写
- [ADD] 添加实现新功能
- [REM] 删除不需要的文件
版本号规范
版本格式：主版本号.次版本号.修订号，版本号递增规则如下：
1.主版本号：当你做了不兼容的 API 修改。
2.次版本号：当你做了向下兼容的功能性新增。
3.修订号：当你做了向下兼容的问题修正。
先行版本号及版本编译信息可以加到“主版本号.次版本号.修订号”的后面，作为延伸。
命令
Repository:本地仓库
Remote:远程仓库
index:暂存区
workspace：工作区
$ git
usage: git [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>]
[--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
[-p | --paginate | -P | --no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
[--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
[--super-prefix=<path>] [--config-env=<name>=<envvar>]
<command> [<args>]
These are common Git commands used in various situations:
start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)
clone Clone a repository into a new directory
usage: git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]
-v, --verbose be more verbose
-q, --quiet be more quiet
--progress force progress reporting
--reject-shallow don't clone shallow repository
-n, --no-checkout don't create a checkout
--bare create a bare repository
--mirror create a mirror repository (implies bare)
-l, --local to clone from a local repository
--no-hardlinks don't use local hardlinks, always copy
-s, --shared setup as shared repository
--recurse-submodules[=<pathspec>]
initialize submodules in the clone
--recursive ... alias of --recurse-submodules
-j, --jobs <n> number of submodules cloned in parallel
--template <template-directory>
directory from which templates will be used
--reference <repo> reference repository
--reference-if-able <repo>
reference repository
--dissociate use --reference only while cloning
-o, --origin <name> use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream
-b, --branch <branch>
checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD
-u, --upload-pack <path>
path to git-upload-pack on the remote
--depth <depth> create a shallow clone of that depth
--shallow-since <time>
create a shallow clone since a specific time
--shallow-exclude <revision>
deepen history of shallow clone, excluding rev
--single-branch clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch
--no-tags don't clone any tags, and make later fetches not to follow them
--shallow-submodules any cloned submodules will be shallow
--separate-git-dir <gitdir>
separate git dir from working tree
-c, --config <key=value>
set config inside the new repository
--server-option <server-specific>
option to transmit
-4, --ipv4 use IPv4 addresses only
-6, --ipv6 use IPv6 addresses only
--filter <args> object filtering
--remote-submodules any cloned submodules will use their remote-tracking branch
--sparse initialize sparse-checkout file to include only files at root
init Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one
usage: git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]
--template <template-directory>
directory from which templates will be used
--bare create a bare repository
--shared[=<permissions>]
specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users
-q, --quiet be quiet
--separate-git-dir <gitdir>
separate git dir from working tree
-b, --initial-branch <name>
override the name of the initial branch
--object-format <hash>
specify the hash algorithm to use
work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)
add Add file contents to the index
usage: git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>...
-n, --dry-run dry run
-v, --verbose be verbose
-i, --interactive interactive picking
-p, --patch select hunks interactively
-e, --edit edit current diff and apply
-f, --force allow adding otherwise ignored files
-u, --update update tracked files
--renormalize renormalize EOL of tracked files (implies -u)
-N, --intent-to-add record only the fact that the path will be added later
-A, --all add changes from all tracked and untracked files
--ignore-removal ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)
--refresh don't add, only refresh the index
--ignore-errors just skip files which cannot be added because of errors
--ignore-missing check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run
--sparse allow updating entries outside of the sparse-checkout cone
--chmod (+|-)x override the executable bit of the listed files
--pathspec-from-file <file>
read pathspec from file
--pathspec-file-nul with --pathspec-from-file, pathspec elements are separated with NUL character
mv Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink
restore Restore working tree files
git restore [<options>] [--source=<branch>] <file>...
-s, --source <tree-ish>
which tree-ish to checkout from
-S, --staged restore the index
-W, --worktree restore the working tree (default)
--ignore-unmerged ignore unmerged entries
--overlay use overlay mode
-q, --quiet suppress progress reporting
--recurse-submodules[=<checkout>]
control recursive updating of submodules
--progress force progress reporting
-m, --merge perform a 3-way merge with the new branch
--conflict <style> conflict style (merge or diff3)
-2, --ours checkout our version for unmerged files
-3, --theirs checkout their version for unmerged files
-p, --patch select hunks interactively
--ignore-skip-worktree-bits
do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only
--pathspec-from-file <file>
read pathspec from file
--pathspec-file-nul with --pathspec-from-file, pathspec elements are separated with NUL character
rm Remove files from the working tree and from the index
usage: git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>
-v, --verbose be verbose
-n, --dry-run dry run
-f, --force force move/rename even if target exists
-k skip move/rename errors
--sparse allow updating entries outside of the sparse-checkout cone
examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)
bisect Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug
diff Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
usage: git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]
grep Print lines matching a pattern
usage: git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]
--cached search in index instead of in the work tree
--no-index find in contents not managed by git
--untracked search in both tracked and untracked files
--exclude-standard ignore files specified via '.gitignore'
--recurse-submodules recursively search in each submodule
-v, --invert-match show non-matching lines
-i, --ignore-case case insensitive matching
-w, --word-regexp match patterns only at word boundaries
-a, --text process binary files as text
-I don't match patterns in binary files
--textconv process binary files with textconv filters
-r, --recursive search in subdirectories (default)
--max-depth <depth> descend at most <depth> levels
-E, --extended-regexp
use extended POSIX regular expressions
-G, --basic-regexp use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)
-F, --fixed-strings interpret patterns as fixed strings
-P, --perl-regexp use Perl-compatible regular expressions
-n, --line-number show line numbers
--column show column number of first match
-h don't show filenames
-H show filenames
--full-name show filenames relative to top directory
-l, --files-with-matches
show only filenames instead of matching lines
--name-only synonym for --files-with-matches
-L, --files-without-match
show only the names of files without match
-z, --null print NUL after filenames
-o, --only-matching show only matching parts of a line
-c, --count show the number of matches instead of matching lines
--color[=<when>] highlight matches
--break print empty line between matches from different files
--heading show filename only once above matches from same file
-C, --context <n> show <n> context lines before and after matches
-B, --before-context <n>
show <n> context lines before matches
-A, --after-context <n>
show <n> context lines after matches
--threads <n> use <n> worker threads
-NUM shortcut for -C NUM
-p, --show-function show a line with the function name before matches
-W, --function-context
show the surrounding function
-f <file> read patterns from file
-e <pattern> match <pattern>
--and combine patterns specified with -e
--or
--not
(
)
-q, --quiet indicate hit with exit status without output
--all-match show only matches from files that match all patterns
-O, --open-files-in-pager[=<pager>]
show matching files in the pager
--ext-grep allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)
log Show commit logs
usage: git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]
show Show various types of objects
usage: git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]
status Show the working tree status
usage: git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>...
-v, --verbose be verbose
-s, --short show status concisely
-b, --branch show branch information
--show-stash show stash information
--ahead-behind compute full ahead/behind values
--porcelain[=<version>]
machine-readable output
--long show status in long format (default)
-z, --null terminate entries with NUL
-u, --untracked-files[=<mode>]
show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)
--ignored[=<mode>] show ignored files, optional modes: traditional, matching, no. (Default: traditional)
--ignore-submodules[=<when>]
ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. (Default: all)
--column[=<style>] list untracked files in columns
--no-renames do not detect renames
-M, --find-renames[=<n>]
detect renames, optionally set similarity index
--show-ignored-directory
(DEPRECATED: use --ignore=matching instead) Only show directories that match an ignore pattern name.
--no-lock-index (DEPRECATED: use `git --no-optional-locks status` instead) Do not lock the index
grow, mark and tweak your common history
branch List, create, or delete branches
usage: git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged] [--no-merged]
or: git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]
or: git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>...
or: git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>
or: git branch [<options>] (-c | -C) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>
or: git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--points-at]
or: git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--format]
Generic options
-v, --verbose show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch
-q, --quiet suppress informational messages
-t, --track set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))
-u, --set-upstream-to <upstream>
change the upstream info
--unset-upstream unset the upstream info
--color[=<when>] use colored output
-r, --remotes act on remote-tracking branches
--contains <commit> print only branches that contain the commit
--no-contains <commit>
print only branches that don't contain the commit
--abbrev[=<n>] use <n> digits to display object names
Specific git-branch actions:
-a, --all list both remote-tracking and local branches
-d, --delete delete fully merged branch
-D delete branch (even if not merged)
-m, --move move/rename a branch and its reflog
-M move/rename a branch, even if target exists
-c, --copy copy a branch and its reflog
-C copy a branch, even if target exists
-l, --list list branch names
--show-current show current branch name
--create-reflog create the branch's reflog
--edit-description edit the description for the branch
-f, --force force creation, move/rename, deletion
--merged <commit> print only branches that are merged
--no-merged <commit> print only branches that are not merged
--column[=<style>] list branches in columns
--sort <key> field name to sort on
--points-at <object> print only branches of the object
-i, --ignore-case sorting and filtering are case insensitive
--format <format> format to use for the output
commit Record changes to the repository
usage: git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>...
-q, --quiet suppress summary after successful commit
-v, --verbose show diff in commit message template
Commit message options
-F, --file <file> read message from file
--author <author> override author for commit
--date <date> override date for commit
-m, --message <message>
commit message
-c, --reedit-message <commit>
reuse and edit message from specified commit
-C, --reuse-message <commit>
reuse message from specified commit
--fixup [(amend|reword):]commit
use autosquash formatted message to fixup or amend/reword specified commit
--squash <commit> use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit
--reset-author the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)
--trailer <trailer> add custom trailer(s)
-s, --signoff add a Signed-off-by trailer
-t, --template <file>
use specified template file
-e, --edit force edit of commit
--cleanup <mode> how to strip spaces and #comments from message
--status include status in commit message template
-S, --gpg-sign[=<key-id>]
GPG sign commit
Commit contents options
-a, --all commit all changed files
-i, --include add specified files to index for commit
--interactive interactively add files
-p, --patch interactively add changes
-o, --only commit only specified files
-n, --no-verify bypass pre-commit and commit-msg hooks
--dry-run show what would be committed
--short show status concisely
--branch show branch information
--ahead-behind compute full ahead/behind values
--porcelain machine-readable output
--long show status in long format (default)
-z, --null terminate entries with NUL
--amend amend previous commit
--no-post-rewrite bypass post-rewrite hook
-u, --untracked-files[=<mode>]
show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)
--pathspec-from-file <file>
read pathspec from file
--pathspec-file-nul with --pathspec-from-file, pathspec elements are separated with NUL character
merge Join two or more development histories together
usage: git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]
or: git merge --abort
or: git merge --continue
-n do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge
--stat show a diffstat at the end of the merge
--summary (synonym to --stat)
--log[=<n>] add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message
--squash create a single commit instead of doing a merge
--commit perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)
-e, --edit edit message before committing
--cleanup <mode> how to strip spaces and #comments from message
--ff allow fast-forward (default)
--ff-only abort if fast-forward is not possible
--rerere-autoupdate update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible
--verify-signatures verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature
-s, --strategy <strategy>
merge strategy to use
-X, --strategy-option <option=value>
option for selected merge strategy
-m, --message <message>
merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)
-F, --file <path> read message from file
-v, --verbose be more verbose
-q, --quiet be more quiet
--abort abort the current in-progress merge
--quit --abort but leave index and working tree alone
--continue continue the current in-progress merge
--allow-unrelated-histories
allow merging unrelated histories
--progress force progress reporting
-S, --gpg-sign[=<key-id>]
GPG sign commit
--autostash automatically stash/stash pop before and after
--overwrite-ignore update ignored files (default)
--signoff add a Signed-off-by trailer
--no-verify bypass pre-merge-commit and commit-msg hooks
rebase Reapply commits on top of another base tip
usage: git rebase [-i] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase> | --keep-base] [<upstream> [<branch>]]
or: git rebase [-i] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>] --root [<branch>]
or: git rebase --continue | --abort | --skip | --edit-todo
--onto <revision> rebase onto given branch instead of upstream
--keep-base use the merge-base of upstream and branch as the current base
--no-verify allow pre-rebase hook to run
-q, --quiet be quiet. implies --no-stat
-v, --verbose display a diffstat of what changed upstream
-n, --no-stat do not show diffstat of what changed upstream
--signoff add a Signed-off-by trailer to each commit
--committer-date-is-author-date
make committer date match author date
--reset-author-date ignore author date and use current date
-C <n> passed to 'git apply'
--ignore-whitespace ignore changes in whitespace
--whitespace <action>
passed to 'git apply'
-f, --force-rebase cherry-pick all commits, even if unchanged
--no-ff cherry-pick all commits, even if unchanged
--continue continue
--skip skip current patch and continue
--abort abort and check out the original branch
--quit abort but keep HEAD where it is
--edit-todo edit the todo list during an interactive rebase
--show-current-patch show the patch file being applied or merged
--apply use apply strategies to rebase
-m, --merge use merging strategies to rebase
-i, --interactive let the user edit the list of commits to rebase
--rerere-autoupdate update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible
--empty <{drop,keep,ask}>
how to handle commits that become empty
--autosquash move commits that begin with squash!/fixup! under -i
-S, --gpg-sign[=<key-id>]
GPG-sign commits
--autostash automatically stash/stash pop before and after
-x, --exec <exec> add exec lines after each commit of the editable list
-r, --rebase-merges[=<mode>]
try to rebase merges instead of skipping them
--fork-point use 'merge-base --fork-point' to refine upstream
-s, --strategy <strategy>
use the given merge strategy
-X, --strategy-option <option>
pass the argument through to the merge strategy
--root rebase all reachable commits up to the root(s)
--reschedule-failed-exec
automatically re-schedule any `exec` that fails
--reapply-cherry-picks
apply all changes, even those already present upstream
reset Reset current HEAD to the specified state
usage: git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]
or: git reset [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <pathspec>...
or: git reset [-q] [--pathspec-from-file [--pathspec-file-nul]] [<tree-ish>]
or: git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<pathspec>...]
or: DEPRECATED: git reset [-q] [--stdin [-z]] [<tree-ish>]
-q, --quiet be quiet, only report errors
--mixed reset HEAD and index
--soft reset only HEAD
--hard reset HEAD, index and working tree
--merge reset HEAD, index and working tree
--keep reset HEAD but keep local changes
--recurse-submodules[=<reset>]
control recursive updating of submodules
-p, --patch select hunks interactively
-N, --intent-to-add record only the fact that removed paths will be added later
--pathspec-from-file <file>
read pathspec from file
--pathspec-file-nul with --pathspec-from-file, pathspec elements are separated with NUL character
-z DEPRECATED (use --pathspec-file-nul instead): paths are separated with NUL character
--stdin DEPRECATED (use --pathspec-from-file=- instead): read paths from <stdin>
switch Switch branches
usage: git switch [<options>] [<branch>]
-c, --create <branch>
create and switch to a new branch
-C, --force-create <branch>
create/reset and switch to a branch
--guess second guess 'git switch <no-such-branch>'
--discard-changes throw away local modifications
-q, --quiet suppress progress reporting
--recurse-submodules[=<checkout>]
control recursive updating of submodules
--progress force progress reporting
-m, --merge perform a 3-way merge with the new branch
--conflict <style> conflict style (merge or diff3)
-d, --detach detach HEAD at named commit
-t, --track set upstream info for new branch
-f, --force force checkout (throw away local modifications)
--orphan <new-branch>
new unparented branch
--overwrite-ignore update ignored files (default)
--ignore-other-worktrees
do not check if another worktree is holding the given ref
tag Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG
usage: git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>]
<tagname> [<head>]
or: git tag -d <tagname>...
or: git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--no-contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]
[--format=<format>] [--merged <commit>] [--no-merged <commit>] [<pattern>...]
or: git tag -v [--format=<format>] <tagname>...
-l, --list list tag names
-n[<n>] print <n> lines of each tag message
-d, --delete delete tags
-v, --verify verify tags
Tag creation options
-a, --annotate annotated tag, needs a message
-m, --message <message>
tag message
-F, --file <file> read message from file
-e, --edit force edit of tag message
-s, --sign annotated and GPG-signed tag
--cleanup <mode> how to strip spaces and #comments from message
-u, --local-user <key-id>
use another key to sign the tag
-f, --force replace the tag if exists
--create-reflog create a reflog
Tag listing options
--column[=<style>] show tag list in columns
--contains <commit> print only tags that contain the commit
--no-contains <commit>
print only tags that don't contain the commit
--merged <commit> print only tags that are merged
--no-merged <commit> print only tags that are not merged
--sort <key> field name to sort on
--points-at <object> print only tags of the object
--format <format> format to use for the output
--color[=<when>] respect format colors
-i, --ignore-case sorting and filtering are case insensitive
collaborate (see also: git help workflows)
fetch Download objects and refs from another repository
usage: git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
or: git fetch [<options>] <group>
or: git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]
or: git fetch --all [<options>]
-v, --verbose be more verbose
-q, --quiet be more quiet
--all fetch from all remotes
--set-upstream set upstream for git pull/fetch
-a, --append append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting
--atomic use atomic transaction to update references
--upload-pack <path> path to upload pack on remote end
-f, --force force overwrite of local reference
-m, --multiple fetch from multiple remotes
-t, --tags fetch all tags and associated objects
-n do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)
-j, --jobs <n> number of submodules fetched in parallel
--prefetch modify the refspec to place all refs within refs/prefetch/
-p, --prune prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote
-P, --prune-tags prune local tags no longer on remote and clobber changed tags
--recurse-submodules[=<on-demand>]
control recursive fetching of submodules
--dry-run dry run
--write-fetch-head write fetched references to the FETCH_HEAD file
-k, --keep keep downloaded pack
-u, --update-head-ok allow updating of HEAD ref
--progress force progress reporting
--depth <depth> deepen history of shallow clone
--shallow-since <time>
deepen history of shallow repository based on time
--shallow-exclude <revision>
deepen history of shallow clone, excluding rev
--deepen <n> deepen history of shallow clone
--unshallow convert to a complete repository
--update-shallow accept refs that update .git/shallow
--refmap <refmap> specify fetch refmap
-o, --server-option <server-specific>
option to transmit
-4, --ipv4 use IPv4 addresses only
-6, --ipv6 use IPv6 addresses only
--negotiation-tip <revision>
report that we have only objects reachable from this object
--negotiate-only do not fetch a packfile; instead, print ancestors of negotiation tips
--filter <args> object filtering
--auto-maintenance run 'maintenance --auto' after fetching
--auto-gc run 'maintenance --auto' after fetching
--show-forced-updates
check for forced-updates on all updated branches
--write-commit-graph write the commit-graph after fetching
--stdin accept refspecs from stdin
pull Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
usage: git pull [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
-v, --verbose be more verbose
-q, --quiet be more quiet
--progress force progress reporting
--recurse-submodules[=<on-demand>]
control for recursive fetching of submodules
Options related to merging
-r, --rebase[=(false|true|merges|interactive)]
incorporate changes by rebasing rather than merging
-n do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge
--stat show a diffstat at the end of the merge
--log[=<n>] add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message
--signoff[=...] add a Signed-off-by trailer
--squash create a single commit instead of doing a merge
--commit perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)
--edit edit message before committing
--cleanup <mode> how to strip spaces and #comments from message
--ff allow fast-forward
--ff-only abort if fast-forward is not possible
--verify control use of pre-merge-commit and commit-msg hooks
--verify-signatures verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature
--autostash automatically stash/stash pop before and after
-s, --strategy <strategy>
merge strategy to use
-X, --strategy-option <option=value>
option for selected merge strategy
-S, --gpg-sign[=<key-id>]
GPG sign commit
--allow-unrelated-histories
allow merging unrelated histories
Options related to fetching
--all fetch from all remotes
-a, --append append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting
--upload-pack <path> path to upload pack on remote end
-f, --force force overwrite of local branch
-t, --tags fetch all tags and associated objects
-p, --prune prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote
-j, --jobs[=<n>] number of submodules pulled in parallel
--dry-run dry run
-k, --keep keep downloaded pack
--depth <depth> deepen history of shallow clone
--shallow-since <time>
deepen history of shallow repository based on time
--shallow-exclude <revision>
deepen history of shallow clone, excluding rev
--deepen <n> deepen history of shallow clone
--unshallow convert to a complete repository
--update-shallow accept refs that update .git/shallow
--refmap <refmap> specify fetch refmap
-o, --server-option <server-specific>
option to transmit
-4, --ipv4 use IPv4 addresses only
-6, --ipv6 use IPv6 addresses only
--negotiation-tip <revision>
report that we have only objects reachable from this object
--show-forced-updates
check for forced-updates on all updated branches
--set-upstream set upstream for git pull/fetch
push Update remote refs along with associated objects
usage: git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
-v, --verbose be more verbose
-q, --quiet be more quiet
--repo <repository> repository
--all push all refs
--mirror mirror all refs
-d, --delete delete refs
--tags push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)
-n, --dry-run dry run
--porcelain machine-readable output
-f, --force force updates
--force-with-lease[=<refname>:<expect>]
require old value of ref to be at this value
--force-if-includes require remote updates to be integrated locally
--recurse-submodules (check|on-demand|no)
control recursive pushing of submodules
--thin use thin pack
--receive-pack <receive-pack>
receive pack program
--exec <receive-pack>
receive pack program
-u, --set-upstream set upstream for git pull/status
--progress force progress reporting
--prune prune locally removed refs
--no-verify bypass pre-push hook
--follow-tags push missing but relevant tags
--signed[=(yes|no|if-asked)]
GPG sign the push
--atomic request atomic transaction on remote side
-o, --push-option <server-specific>
option to transmit
-4, --ipv4 use IPv4 addresses only
-6, --ipv6 use IPv6 addresses only
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some
concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'
to read about a specific subcommand or concept.
See 'git help git' for an overview of the system.
常用命令
1、查询提交日志（简洁）
，不加 --pretty=oneline 会有很多提交信息
$ git log --pretty=oneline
2、回退版本
git reset --hard 版本号
3、删除 index 区的文件
删除 index 区的文件t1.txt,需要先git add t1.txt
git rm --cached t1.txt
4、删除本地仓库的文件
也就是真实文件
git rm -f t1.txt
5、还原到上次 commit 到本地仓库
已经 commit 到工作区中的文件a.c修改后,并且没有 add 到 index 时，需要还原到上次 commit 到本地仓库之后的状态
git restore a.c
将暂存区的 a.c 删除，不会改变工作区中的 a.c
git restore --staged a.c